Which method is recommended for water purification in emergencies when safe tap water is not available?

• A. Drinking rainwater without treatment.
• B. Boiling water or using water purification tablets/filters; boil for at least one minute (or three minutes at higher altitudes).
• C. Using only bottled soda.
• D. Distilling water to remove salts.

Answer: (B)

When safe tap water isn’t available, the goal is to inactivate or remove harmful microorganisms so the water is safe to drink. Boiling is a simple, reliable method because it uses heat to kill viruses, bacteria, and parasites. If you have water purification tablets or portable filters, they’re useful alternatives when boiling isn’t practical. Boil water vigorously for at least one minute; at higher altitudes, where water boils at a lower temperature, extend the boil to about three minutes to ensure disinfection. After boiling, keep the water covered and let it cool in a clean container before drinking to avoid recontamination. If using purification tablets, follow the product’s instructions for the correct amount and contact time; filters should be used according to their directions to remove or inactivate microbes. These approaches are preferred over trying to rely on untreated rainwater or other unproven methods, and they’re more practical than distillation in most emergencies.